flora, floral, florist, flourish, fluent, fluency, fluid, affluent, influence, influx
flora (n.) 植物群(尤指某一地區或某一時期的植物群) flor = flower
This kind of plant only belongs to the flora of North America.
floral (a.) 花的;似花的;植物群的 -al 形容詞字尾
He chose a nice material with a floral pattern for the curtains.
florist (n.) 花商;種花者 -ist 人的名詞字尾
You shouldn’t become a florist if you’re allergic to flowers.
flourish (v.) (n.) 繁茂;興旺 flour = flower -ish 動詞字尾
His business is flourishing.
fluent (a.) 流利的;流暢的 flu = flow
For this job we need someone who is fluent in English, Japanese and French.
Jessie speaks French with great fluency.
Honey is a viscous fluid.
affluent (a.) 富裕的;豐富的;富饒的 af = ad = to / -ent 形容詞字尾
He was born to an affluent family.
influence (n.) (v.) 影響;作用
Character is influenced by heredity and environment.
There is a great influx of tourist into the town in the summer.
form (n.)形狀;外貌;狀態 (v.)形成;變成;組織;是…的物質 -form- 形狀;形成
Flour, eggs, fat, and sugar form the main ingredients of a cake.
Government reports are usually written in formal language.
informal (a.) 非正式的;非正規的;不拘禮節的;日常使用的
We have an informal agreement to ride to school together.
The chemical formula for water is H2O.
What is his formula for success?
conform (v.)使一致;相合;遵從 con- 共同；一致
This piece of equipment does not conform to the official safety standards.
deform (v.) 使失原形;使殘廢;使醜 de- = dis (put out of)
Shoes those are too tight deform the feet.
It is difficult to reform a stubborn man.
His early experiences turned him into a passionate social reformer.
transform (v.)使改變;改變性質 tran- 表示動位或情況的轉變
Success and wealth transformed his character.
Responsibility transformed him a happy-go-lucky boy into a capable leader.
uniform (n.)制服 (v.)使成一樣 (a.)一致的 uni- = one
Tom looks handsome in uniform.
fort, forte, fortify, fortitude, effort, reinforce, foundation, profound, fundamental, found, founder
They defended the fort against enemy’s heavy attack.
English is my forte, but math is my Achilles’ heel.
This baby formula contains milk fortified with vitamins and minerals.
It’s quite an effort to lift this heavy box.
The building was found leaning to one side, so the workers reinforced it with tons of concrete.
They built up a foundation to help the homeless.
The incident made a profound impression on me.
He has some rather strange ideas sometimes, but no one can doubt his fundamental good sense.
Our school was founded in 1908.
He is the founder of the club.
fract / frag = break破壞 / grad = step步調；步伐
He has done only a fraction of his homework.
fracture (n)破裂;骨折(v.)使破(斷)裂
The flood was caused by a fracture in the water pipe.
The motorcyclist fell and fractured his skull in the accident because he wasn’t wearing a safety helmet.
fragile (a.)脆的;易碎的;瘦小的;虛弱的;精神不振
The parcel was labeled: “Fragile, handle with care.”
The old lady was very fragile after her operation.
fragment (n.)碎片;斷片 (v.)使成為碎片
She dropped the bowl and it broke into tiny fragments.
The chair fragmented under his weight.
She makes the grade as a fashion model.
These potatoes have been graded according to size and quality.
There has been a gradual decrease in the birth rate.
We began to know each other gradually.
A college graduate can choose to pursue graduate studies in Taiwan or abroad.
undergraduate (n.)大學生;大學肄業生【以別於graduate研究生】
He is a Yale undergraduate.
She had an undergraduate degree in psychology.
It was very degrading to be punished in front of the whole class.
grat = pleasing, thankful 高興;滿足;使人愉快 / -grav- 重的
grateful, ungrateful, gratify, gratification, gratitude, ingratitude, grave, gravity, aggravate, aggravation
I’m most grateful to you for lending me your car.
ungrateful (a.) 忘恩負義的;不領情的;討厭的;令人不快的
Even though the entire staff worked hard to improve sales, the boss was still ungrateful.
Modern parents all attach great importance to gratify their children’s thirst for knowledge.
gratification (n.) 滿意;喜悅;使人滿意之事;可喜的事物
His son’s success was a great gratification to him.
When you decide to express your gratitude towards somebody, never forget to say, “Thank you”.
He has helped you often enough in the past; it would be an ingratitude if you turn your back on him now.
They all looked grave after hearing the bad news.
He visited his ancestor’s grave very often.
One example of Newton’s laws 定律 of gravity is the fall of apples.
The series of grievous accidents aggravated her illness. TV series連續劇
The aggravation of the situation calls for 須要government intervention干涉.
aggregate (n.)總數;合計 (v.)總計;合計/ gregat = collect ag- = ad- = to
What were the company’s aggregate earnings for the year?
congregation (n.)聚集;聚會;(教堂的)會眾 con- = together
The church always attracts a large congregation on Sundays.
segregate (v.)隔離 se- = apart African American Asian
American Blacks used to be segregated from whites in school.
Racial segregation is illegal.
heir (n.)繼承人;嗣子 (v.)繼承 her = heir
The eldest son is usually the heir.
That silver watch is a family heirloom.
My height comes from my heredity.
hereditary (a.)[地位;稱號]世襲的;遺傳的
Their only son received a great deal of hereditary property.
We should do our best to preserve our cultural heritage.
The government claims it has inherited all its difficulties from the previous administration.
He inherited his father’s bad temper.
inheritance (n.)繼承物[尤指產業、金錢]
He spent all his inheritance in less than a year.
herb – grass / here – stick
Herbs and spices can give our food a pleasant flavor 口味.
herbicide (n.)除草劑 cide = cut
For saving labor勞力, people prefer to use herbicide to get rid of weeds. pesticide
herbivore (n.)草食動物 vor = eat
Rabbits are herbivores; lions are carnivores.
adhere (v.)黏著;附著;堅持 ad- = to
Although he was warned of the danger, he adhered to his plans to climb the mountain alone.
I need some adhesive tapes to seal the envelope.
cohere (v.)凝結;有條理;有連貫性 co- = con- = together
The cement and stone cohered.
I don’t think the points in your argument cohere very well.
The boy was unable to give a coherent account敘述 of what had happened.
Coherence is essential必要的 to good writing.
The problems (you mention) are inherent in the system.
hum – ground地 / hypno –, hypn — 睡眠；催眠
humble (a.)謙虛的;謙遜的 ;(地位,身份)低的;卑下的 (住屋等)簡陋的
He is of humble birth. Of + N. = adj.
Be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home.
His failure in the competition humbled him.
humiliate (v.)使蒙羞 -ate 動詞字尾
The girl humiliated her parents by behaving badly in front of the guests.
humiliation (n.)蒙羞;丟臉;恥辱 -ation 名詞字尾
Sam suffered a public humiliation.
humility (n.)謙遜;謙恭 -ty名詞字尾
Christianity preaches love and humility.
exhume (v.)挖掘出土 ex- = out
Some remains of prehistoric people were exhumed at this archaeological site.
inhume (v.)入土;埋葬 in- = into
The coffin was inhumed after the minister牧師 gave his blessings.
posthumous (a.) 死後的;死後出版的;遺腹的 post- = after
Most of Emily Dickinson’s poetry was posthumous.
hypnotic (a.) 催眠的 (n.) 安眠藥 -ic 形容詞字尾
The babysitter reads the bedtime story in hypnotic voice.
hypnotize (v.)對…施行催眠術 -ize 動詞字尾
People were hypnotized by her lovely singing.
hypnosis (n.)催眠狀態 -sis 名詞字尾
Under hypnosis the patient described her early childhood in great detail.
Hypnotherapies are often used for treatment of chronic慢性病 pain.
abject (a.)[境遇等]不幸的;可憐的;悲慘的 [人,行為等]可鄙的,下賤的
He is anything but an abject coward.
dejected (a.)沮喪的;氣餒的 de- = down
He was dejected to learn that he had failed the examination.
eject (v.)逐出;轟出;噴出 e- = out
The tenant was ejected by the landlady because he had not paid his rent.
inject (v.)注入;注射 in- = into
The nurse injected the drug into my arm.
The doctor prescribed three injections for the sick.
I strongly objected to being treated like a child.
project (v.)投出 (n.)計畫;方案;設計 pro- = forward
This project seems to be very attractive.
If you want to show slides, you’ll need a projector.
subject (a.)傾向於…的;易患…的;受支配 (v.) 使服從
My mother is very subject to headaches.
Taiwan is subject to earthquakes.
While in this country you are subject to its laws.
How can you subject her will to your own?
collect (v.)聚集;集合;收集 col- = com- = together
When an accident happens in the street, a crowd soon collects.
The jade collection of the National Palace Museum enjoys worldwide renown.
elect (v.)選擇；選舉;挑選 e- = ex- = out
They elected Tim as their representative.
Her election to the board of directors caused great surprise.
The government is directly responsible to the electorate as a whole.
intellect (n.)智力;才子 intel-= inter- = between
Constant reading sharpened his intellect.
intellectual (a.)理智的;聰明的;需智力的 (n.) 知識分子;有很高智力的人
He who enjoys reading is fond of participating in intellectual activities.
All the members of the committee are intellectuals.
neglect (n.) (v.)忽視 neg- = not
If you neglect your health, sooner or later you will pay for it.
recollect (v.)回想 re- = again
Try as I might, I cannot recollect how the accident happened.
select (v.)挑選 (a.)精選的 se- = apart
The mother is selecting toys for her baby.
selection (n.)選擇;精選品;被挑選出的人(或物)；選集
It took her a long time to make the selection of this dress.
This volume contains selections from his early works.
legal (a.)有關法律的;合法的illegal
He intends to take legal action.
A legislative institution has the power to make laws.
The provocative speech of the legislator left the meeting in chaos.
Only the legislature has the power to make or change laws.
Some underworld gangs use legitimate business operations as a front.
Some lawmakers often use the threat of slashing budgets as a lever to achieve their political aims.
Push the lever and the machine will start.
leverage (n.) 手段;力量;影響力;槓桿作用;槓桿效率
She used political leverage to get that top job.
The magician levitated the woman.
levitation (n.) (超自然力造成的)升空,飄浮
Criss Angel is good at performing levitation magic tricks.
We tried to alleviate the boredom by singing songs.
A sudden elevation of blood pressure can cause heart disease.
People nowadays take more liberal attitudes towards women.
liberalism (n.)自由主義；寬容；開明
Can you tell us what the liberalism is and who fathers it?
A terrorist organization demanded the liberation of prisoners, or else they would blow up City Hall.
The president-elect announced he would liberate some dissidents from prison after his inauguration.
The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France in 1886.
If you major in a foreign language, you need to take the course of linguistics.
TIME Express is a bilingual magazine.
multilingual (a.) 使用多種語言的 (n.) 使用多種語言的人
Most of the European are multilingual.
A trilingual is a person who is able to use three languages, especially with equal fluency.
literal (a.) 照字面的;原義的liter- letter
The literal meaning of “green” is a color, but it can also mean “inexperience”.
literary (a.) 文學的;文藝的;文言的
There are a lot of good literary works in circulation these days to suit everybody’s taste.
You'd better avoid such literary words in ordinary conversation.
literate (a.) 能讀寫的;有文化修養的 (n.) 能讀寫的人
It’s estimated that about half of the adult population is not fully literate in that country.
literature (n.) 文學;文學作品;文獻;圖書資料
He majors in Russian literature.
She went through the literature on the subject.
illiterate (a.) 文盲的 (n.) 文盲;無知的人
I am a computer illiterate.
He is musically illiterate.
illiteracy (n.) 不識字,文盲；未受教育;無知
China’s illiteracy rate is much higher than Taiwan’s.
obliterate (v.) 擦掉...的痕跡;沖刷(掉);消滅
The heavy rain obliterated all footprints.
I have no idea about what the lithography is.
Neolithic (n.) 新石器時代的；早先的;已經過時的 neo- = new
Neolithic man already used fire to cook food.
Paleolithic (a.) 舊石器時代的 pale- = old
A group of archaeologists found a Paleolithic axe.
magnanimous (a.) 寬大的;有雅量的；表現高尚品德的
magn– great anim- spirit; mind ous形容詞字尾 narrow-minded
Chiang Kai-shek’s decision not to demand war reparations from the defeated Japan was a magnanimous gesture.
It called for magnanimity to overlook his rude behavior.
magnate (v.) (實業界的)巨頭,大王;要人,權貴 -ate 表示人的名詞字尾
Microsoft chairman Bill Gates, the software magnate , is the world's biggest victim of junk e-mails.
magnify (v.) 放大;擴大;誇張,誇大 -fy = make
I wanted to magnify that picture.
Ned likes to magnify his achievements.
magnificent (a.) 壯麗的,宏偉的;豪華的;華麗的;高貴的 fic- make
The royal wedding was a magnificent occasion.
His magnificent ideas had a great influence on me.
magnitude (n.) 重大；重要；量;大小【地】震級 -itude 抽象名詞字尾
Betty didn’t seem to comprehend the magnitude of the problem then.
The earthquake’s magnitude was such that hundreds of houses were destroyed and thousands of people were killed.
manipulate (v.) (熟練地)操作;(用權勢等)操縱竄改(帳目等)對...做手腳
A clever politician knows how to manipulate his supporters.
He was arrested for trying to manipulate the company's financial records.
manipulation (n.) 操作,運用；操縱,控制
Some people can put back a twisted joint by careful manipulation
manual (a.) 手的;手工的;用手操作的 (n.) 手冊,便覽,簡介 manu- hand
You should read the manual before you turn on the new machine.
manuscript (a.) 手寫的;原稿的(n.) 手寫本,手稿;打字稿;原稿
manu- hand script- writing
Some ancient manuscripts were discovered in the temple.
command (v.) (n.) 命令;指;揮;統率;控制;博得,贏得;俯瞰;俯臨
com = together with; mand = order; entrust
I command that he (should) go at once.
He felt fully in command of the situation.
commander (n.) 指揮官,司令官(團體、組織的)主管人,領導人
The commander in chief reviewed his troops.
commandment (n.) 戒律;(基督教十誡中的)一誡命令,指令,法令
Should those of us (who claim to be Christians) be keeping this commandment?
demand (n.) (v.) 要求,請求需要,需求查問,盤詰
The supply of vegetables falls short of demand this year
"What is that?" the policeman demanded.
mandate (v.) 命令,指令(選民對選出的代表、議會等的)授權,委任
The government has a mandate from the people to increase taxes
mandatory (a.) 義務的;強制的;命令的;指令的(n.) 受託者;代理者
Crash helmets are mandatory for motorcyclists.
maternal (a.) 母親的;母性的母親一方的;母系的 matr = mother
She showed her daughter's picture with maternal pride.
They are my maternal grandparents.
maternity (n.) 母道;母性;產科病房
Trainee nurses have to work for some weeks in maternity.
As an employee, you have the right to 26 weeks of Ordinary Maternity Leave.
matriarchy (n.) 母系氏族;母系社會母系氏族制;母權制 archy = rule
Matriarchy has been common in countries of Africa and Asia.
matricide (n.) 弒母(罪) 弒母者 cide = cut
Matricide is the crime of murdering your mother.
The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction-action film starring Keanu Reeves.
1. medical (a.) 醫學的;醫術的;醫療的 (n.) 健康檢查 med = heal治療
I only know a few medical terms.
I have to have a medical before going abroad. .
2. medication (n.) 藥物治療; 藥物
The doctor prescribed some medication for my stomachache.
3. medicinal (a.) 藥的;藥用的;有藥效的
He kept a little brandy for medicinal purposes.
4. remedy (n.) 治療法 (v.) 補救(法)
I know a remedy for headaches.
If I make a mistake, I will try to remedy it.
5. medium (n.) 補救;去除(弊病等)媒介物;媒體;傳導體;生活環境;中間的
Air is a medium for sound.
The man is of medium height.
The dispute was settled by mediation.
6. mediator (n.) 調停者;傳遞者;中介物
The union is the mediator between the workers and the employer.
9. mediaeval (a.)中世紀的;中古風的 aev = age, time
Dante’s Divine Comedy and Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales are generally regarded as the highest achievements of medieval literature.
10. Mediterranean (n.) 地中海 terra = earth
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or ocean off the Atlantic Ocean and almost completely enclosed by land.
intermediate (a.) 中等程度的;中級的 inter- = between
The General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) for the intermediate level was held across the island on Feb. 15 with nearly 57,000 examinees aged between eight and 60.
A lot of people nowadays suffer from melancholia.
melancholy (n.) 憂鬱;憂思;愁思 (a.) 令人沮喪的;可悲的
Rainy days give me a feeling of melancholy.
All at once I fell into a state of profound melancholy.
melancholic (a.) 憂鬱的;患憂鬱症的 (n.) 憂鬱症患者
A melancholic person always feels sad, hopeless, and worthless.
Dark-skinned people have more melanin than light- skinned people.
Melanin also acts as a sunscreen and protects the skin from ultraviolet light.
memorable (a.) 值得懷念的;難忘的;顯著的
The film was memorable for its fine acting.
memorial (n.) 紀念物;紀念活動;陳情書 (a.) 紀念的;追悼的
The church service is a memorial to those killed in the war.
memorandum (n.) 備忘錄;記錄;聯絡便條
A memorandum or “memo” can be a simple note used as a reminder, or a diplomatic communication between nations.
memorabilia (n.) (複數)【拉】值得紀念的事物;重要記事
Planet Hollywood restaurants feature posters, costume, props, and other movie memorabilia.
commemorate (v.) 慶祝;紀念; (物品等)成為...的紀念
The new stamps were issued to commemorate the coronation of the king.
A plaque commemorates his patriotic activities.
The old general has started to write his memoirs.
He memorized the list of the dates.
mentality (n.)智力;精神性;心理狀態;心性
You should put that vindictive mentality behind and learn to turn the other cheek.
comment (v.)發表意見;評論(n.)批評;意見;評論
He made no comments on our proposal.
He commented that her acting was superb
His spirited commentary makes a match very interesting even on the radio.
Demented elders population has been up to thirteen ten thousand in Taiwan area.
Dementia is a problem in the brain that makes it hard for a person to remember, learn and communicate.
mercenary (a.)為金錢的;圖利的;貪財的 (n.)以金錢為目的的人
His action was prompted by mercenary motives.
merchandise (n.)商品,貨物 (v.)買賣,經營;促進...的銷售,推銷
The shop windows are filled with foreign merchandise.
If this product is properly merchandised, it should sell very well.
merchant (n.)商人(a.) 商人的;商業的
Did you watch Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice on TV last night?
His father is a timber merchant.
Our overseas commerce has increased a great deal.
commercial (a.)營利本位的;商業性的 (n.) (電視、廣播中的)商業廣告
The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials
merge (v.)使合併;使混合 merge = sink, dip
They decided to merge the two small companies into a larger one.
The two roads merge a mile ahead.
The Finance Minister approved the merger between the two banks.
emerge (v.)出現;浮現 e- = ex- = out
The sun emerged from behind the clouds.
It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.
Ring the bell in an emergency.
The rioting grew worse and the government declared a state of emergency.
Language immersion is an approach to foreign language instruction in which the usual curricular activities are conducted in a foreign language.
migrate (v.)遷移 migr = wander
Some tribes migrate with their cattle in search of fresh grass.
Because of recession, migrant workers are found here and there.
Scores of migrants fly to Taiwan each winter.
Wars always cause great migrations of people.
Drought often causes a large number of animal migrations.
emigrate (v.) 移居外國 e- = ex- = out
Albert Einstein emigrated from Germany to the United States.
immigrant (n.) (外來)移民;僑民 im = into ant = person
Canada has many immigrants from Europe.
minimal (a.) 最小的;極微的 (n.) 極簡抽象派藝術(或其作品)
The storm did only minimal damage.
Her clothing was minimal.
minimum (n.) 最小量,最小數;最低限度
The price is her minimum; she refuse to lower it any further.
He smokes a minimum of ten cigarette a day.
minor (a.) 不重要的,次要的 (n.) 未成年人；副修科目 (v.) 副修,兼修
She played a minor role in the opera.
The important thing is to finish it quickly; cost is only a relatively minor consideration.
You can't serve drinks to minors.
She majored in English and minored in education.
minute (adj.) 微小的;詳細的;精密的(n.)分(鐘) 備忘錄;筆記；會議記錄
The office is minute, with barely room for a desk and two chairs.
A minute examination revealed fingerprints on a glass.
I was told to keep the minutes at the conference.
diminish (v.) 減少,減小,縮減；削弱...的權勢,降低...的聲譽
Natural resources have been diminishing over the years.
His political rivals are trying hard to diminish his achievements.
miniature (v.) (n.) (a.) 縮樣;縮圖;小型物
The theme park presents a collection of world-famous buildings in miniature.
Jody’s face is her mother’s in miniature.
We admire her for her diplomatic tact.
We admired him all the more for his frankness.
miracle (n.) 奇蹟;奇蹟般的人(或物) 驚人的事例
That bridge was a miracle of engineering.
miraculous (a.) 神奇的;超自然的；奇蹟般的;驚人的
The army won a miraculous victory over a much stronger enemy.
Mirage is a strange effect of hot air conditions in a desert, in which objects appear which are not really there.
These submarines were armed with nuclear missiles.
The PRC shot missiles into the waters off Taiwan in 1996, causing no damage besides a stock-market crash.
missionary (n.) 傳教的;教會的;傳教士的
Many Mormons go overseas as missionaries while they are still very young.
The missionary went to China to convert people to Christianity.
Nearly everything can emit smell, heat, light, or sound.
Please remit promptly by money order.
He sends regular remittances to his parents.
You are required to submit your application for the position to Personnel by Friday.
Genes are transmitted from one generation to another.
AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease, so avoid engaging in unsafe sex.
monument (n.) 紀念碑;紀念館;不朽的作品;豐功偉業
This monument was erected in memory of F.D. Roosevelt.
Shakespeare's plays remain as monuments to his genius.
monumental (a.) 紀念建築物的;紀念性的
This monumental pillar was built in memory of a great navy victory.
My mother admonished me against arrogance.
mortal (a.) 會死的;不共戴天的;極大的;極度的 (n.) 人;凡人
All things that live are mortal.
She lives in mortal terror of her husband's anger.
The mortality from lung cancer is increasing.
AIDS is such a dreadful disease because of the extremely high mortality.
mortuary (n.) 停屍間;太平間 (a.)喪葬的
A morgue or mortuary is a building or room used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification, or removal for autopsy, burial, cremation or some other post-death ritual.
immortal (a.) 不死的;長生的 (n.) 不朽人物;流芳百世的人物
Humans long to be immortal.
Shakespeare is one of the immortals.
immortality (n.) 不死,不朽;不滅不朽的聲名
The Greeks believed in the immortality of their gods.
He has achieved immortality.
mortician (n.) 殯葬業者;喪事承辦人
It is the job of the mortician to wash and dress the deceased for the funeral.
negate (v.) 否定;取消;使無效neg = none否定
This burst of terrorist activity could completely negate our efforts to expand tourism here.
negative (a.) 否定的;否認的;反面的;消極的
He gave a negative answer to my request.
The test for bacteria was negative.
He was dismissed for neglecting his duty.
She neglected paying the fine.
negligence (n.)疏忽,粗心;玩忽行為隨便
The accident was caused by the negligence of the driver.
nominal (a.)名義上的;有名無實的;(金額等)微不足道的
The old man is only the nominal head of the business.
For a nominal fee, you can seek Dr. Lee’s medical advice.
The President nominated the Minister of Finance as his representative at the conference.
Competition for the nomination was very keen.
misnomer (n.) 誤稱;人名誤載;寫錯姓名
To call it a hotel is a misnomer—it’s more like a prison.
He is an artist of great renown
He won renown as a painter.
announce (v.) 宣佈;宣佈競選;通報...的到達
The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.
The servant announced Mr. and Mrs. Hunter.
The senator announced for the presidency.
The minister's action was denounced in the newspapers.
We denounced the plan to build another temple as a waste of money.
pronounce (v.)發...的音;注...的音;宣稱;斷言;表示;宣判
She knows a lot of French words but pronounces them incorrectly.
The doctor pronounced that he was recovering nicely.
The judge pronounced a sentence of death on the murderer.
renounce (v.)聲明放棄;拋棄;與...斷絕關係,拒絕承認(子女等)
He renounced his claim to the inheritance.
It was painful for him to renounce his son.
renunciation (n.)(權利等的)宣告放棄
He made a renunciation of his chairmanship.
She lives a life of complete renunciation as a nun
