5-0-0-2 Chapter 5-2

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Chapter 5_2
    In January there came bitterly hard weather. The earth was like iron, and nothing could be done in the fields. Many meetings were held in the big barn, and the pigs occupied themselves with planning out the work of the coming season. It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible. If one of them suggested sowing a bigger acreage with barley, the other was certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats, and if one of them said that such and such a field was just right for cabbages, the other would declare that it was useless for anything except roots. Each had his own following, and there were some violent debates. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches, but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for himself in between times. He was especially successful with the sheep. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating ‘Four legs good, two legs bad’ both in and out of season, and they often interrupted the Meeting with this. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into ‘Four legs good, two legs bad’ at crucial moments in Snowball’s speeches. Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse, and was full of plans for innovations and improvements. He talked learnedly about field drains, silage, and basic slag, and had worked out a complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields, at a different spot every day, to save the labour of cartage. Napoleon produced no schemes of his own, but said quietly that Snowball’s would come to nothing, and seemed to be biding his time. But of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

＊句型分析＊
In January there came (bitterly hard weather).
＊ 此為倒裝句，came是動詞。
＊ bitterly hard weather為主詞。
※單字及片語※
bitterly (adv.)非常地
hard (a.) (氣候)酷寒的
earth (n.)泥土
iron (n.)鐵【這裡是指泥土很硬】
field (n.) 田地
meeting (n.)會議
barn (n.)穀倉
※occupy oneself with (ph.)使…忙碌；使….從事
ex. He occupied himself with various research projects.
他終日從事各種研究計劃。
※plan out (ph.) 為...作準備
ex. They were planning out the project.
他們正在為那一工程作準備。

＊句型分析＊
It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote.
＊ It為虛主詞
＊ 真主詞是that所引導的名詞子句，that the pigs should decide all questions of farm policy
＊ who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals為形容詞子句修飾the pigs
※come to (ph.)終於
accept (v.)認可
manifestly (adv.)明顯地
clever (a.)聰明的
policy (n.)政策
ratify (v.) (正式)批准;認可
majority (n.)多數
vote (n.)表決
＊ 句型分析＊
This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon.
＊ would have worked為主要子句的動詞
＊ The arrangement would have worked well enough if…【work運作】
這安排將運作得很好，如果…。
＊ would have +p.p.與過去事實相反假設法語氣；would have worked為主要子句的動詞。
＊ 條件句的動詞為had +p.p.
＊ if it had not been for… 要不是因為…【for因為】
arrangement (n.)安排
dispute (n.)爭論
disagree (v.)爭執
point (n.)點
disagreement (n.)意見不一
suggest (v.)建議
sow (v.) 播(種)
acreage (n.) 英畝數;以英畝計算的土地面積
barley (n.)大麥
※be certain to = be sure to (ph.)絕對會…
demand (v.)要求
oat (n.) 燕麥
※such and such (ph.)某某
cabbage (n.) 甘藍菜；捲心菜
declare (v.)宣佈
except (prep.) 除...之外
root (n.) 根菜類(如胡蘿蔔等)
following (n.) 一批追隨者(或擁護者、部下等)
violent (a.)激烈的
debate (n.) 辯論,討論,爭論
※win over (ph.)贏得….的心或支持
brilliant (a.) 優秀的；出色的
speech (n.)演說
※be better at (ph.)更為擅長….
canvass (v.) 在...遊說;向...遊說
※of late (ph.) 最近以來
※take to (ph.)開始做…
bleat (v.) (羊,小牛等)咩咩叫
※both in and out of season (ph.)時機合宜和非合時機
interrupt (v.) 打斷；阻礙(講話或講話人)
※be liable to (ph.)特別易於（可能）…
※break into (ph.) 突然...起來
crucial (a.)關鍵的；決定性的；重要的
※make a close study (ph.)做仔細的研究
back (a.) 過去的；過期的
Farmer and Stockbreeder 【雜誌名稱】農夫與畜牧業者
※ italics斜體;斜體字
※ bold (字等)粗筆畫的；黑體的
※ underline劃在下面的線
innovation (n.)革新；改革；創新
improvement (n.) 改進；改善；增進
learnedly (adv.)博學多聞地
drain (n.) 排水設備
silage (n.) 青貯飼料
slag (n.)爐渣；熔渣；礦渣
※work out (ph.)想出
complicated (a.)複雜的；難懂的
scheme (n.)計劃;方案
drop (v.)掉落；使丟下
dung (n.) (牛、馬等的)糞;糞肥
directly (adv.)直接地
spot (n.)場所；地點
※to save the labour of cartage 節省用車子運送的勞力
produce (v.)拿出；提出
Snowball’s = Snowball’s scheme
※come to nothing (ph.)失敗【= fail】
bide (v.) (過去式用bided)等待
※bide one’s time (ph.)等待…時機
※of all + the /所有格+複數名詞 (ph.)在…所有當中
controversy (n.) 爭論；辯論
none (n.)沒有任何人(或物)【全部否定】
※so + 形容詞/副詞 + as = as +形容詞/副詞 + as (ph.)【形容詞原級比較】如…一樣
bitter (a.) 激烈的；尖刻的
※take place (ph.)發生
over (prep.) 對於…關於；在...方面
windmill (n.)風車

    In the long pasture, not far from the farm buildings, there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm. After surveying the ground, Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill, which could be made to operate a dynamo and supply the farm with electrical power. This would light the stalls and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangel-slicer, and an electric milking machine. The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery), and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the fields or improved their minds with reading and conversation.

※單字及片語※
pasture (n.)牧草地,放牧場
knoll (n.)圓丘,小丘
＊句型分析＊
After surveying the ground, Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill, which could be made to operate a dynamo and supply the farm with electrical power.
※ which could be made to…..with electrical power.為關係子句修飾windmill
survey (v.)堪察；調查
operate (v.)運作
dynamo (n.)發電機
supply (v.)供應
※supply sb with sth (ph.)供應某人某物
※electrical power (ph.)電力【口語】= juice
light (v.)照明
stall (n.) (牲畜的)欄,廄,柵,棚
warm (v.)使暖和
run (v.)運作
a circular saw (ph.)一個圓鋸；圓盤鋸
a chaff-cutter (ph.)一個草料切割器
a mangel-slicer (ph.)甜菜切割器
an electric milking machine (ph.)一個電動擠奶器
※hear of (ph.)聽過
※know of (ph.)知道
※think of (ph.)想到
for (prep.)因為
old-fashioned (a.)落伍的
primitive (a.)原始的
machinery (n.) 機器；機械【machinery指機械設備的總稱，當不可數名詞。而machine當可數名詞。】
※in astonishment (ph.)以驚訝的態度
※conjure up (ph.)使如魔法般地出現；使呈現於腦際(或眼簾); 想起
fantastic (a.) 很棒的
graze (v.)(牛,羊等)吃草;放牧
※at one’s ease (ph.)輕鬆地
※improve their mind (ph.)提升他們的心智