4-0-0-4 Chapter 4-4

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Chapter 4_4
    All the men were gone except one. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him over. The boy did not stir. 

※單字及片語※
gone (a.)走了；離開
except (prep.)除了
paw (v.) (用腳爪等)抓;扒
at (prep.) 向,朝,對著
※paw at (ph.) (用腳爪等)對著…扒
※stable-lad (n.) 小馬倌,馬夫
※face down (adv.)面朝下地
※turn over (ph.)翻轉
＊句型分析＊
Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him over.
＊ 此句中省略連接詞and 及主詞Boxer
＊ …the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, and he was trying to turn him over.
stir (v.)移動
Ex. I didn’t stir when the earthquake hit.當地震發生時，我一動也沒有動。(我睡得很沉)

‘He is dead,’ said Boxer sorrowfully. ‘I had no intention of doing that. I forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose?’

※單字及片語※
sorrowfully (adv.) 悲哀地;憂愁地
intention (n.)企圖；意圖
※on purpose (ph.)故意地

‘No sentimentality, comrade!’ cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. ‘War is war. The only good human being is a dead one.’

※單字及片語※
no (a.) 不許;禁止
sentimentality (n.) 多愁善感;感傷性
cry (v.)大叫
wound (n.)傷口
blood (n.)血
drip (v.)滴下
＊句型分析＊
…from whose wounds the blood was still dripping
＊ 此句可改寫為the blood was still dripping from his wounds.

‘I have no wish to take life, not even human life,’ repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of tears.
‘Where is Mollie?’ exclaimed somebody.

※單字及片語※
※take life (ph.)取…性命
exclaim (v.) 大聲叫嚷
※be full of (ph.)充滿著..…

    Mollie in fact was missing. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way, or even carried her off with them. In the end, however, she was found hiding in her stall with her head buried among the hay in the manger. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun went off. And when the others came back from looking for her, it was to find that the stable-lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and made off.

※單字及片語※
alarm (n.) 驚慌
harm (v.)傷害
＊句型分析＊
it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way,
＊it為形式上的主詞
＊that men might have harmed her in some way才是真正的主詞。
＊might + have + P.P.表對過去事實的猜測。
＊in (prep.) (表示手段,方法,材料)用,以
some (a.) 某一種
way (n.)方式
※carry off (ph.)帶走；帶離開
※in the end (ph.) 最後 = finally
stall (n.) (牲畜的)欄,廄,柵,棚
manger (n.) 馬槽
＊句型分析＊
she was found hiding in her stall with her head buried among the hay in the manger.
＊hiding是現在分詞，當補語。
＊with… 引導一個片語表示…狀態。
＊with + 受詞 + 補語（補語補充說明受詞，若補語是現在分詞Ving，則表主動；若是過去分詞P.P.，則表被動。）
※take to (ph.)開始
flight (v.)逃離
※as soon as (ph.)一…就
※go off (ph.) 爆炸
Ex. A bomb went off outside a department store this morning. 今晨有顆炸彈在一家百貨公司外爆炸。
Ex. My alarm clock went off at 6. 我的鬧鐘在6點時響。
stunned (a.)受驚嚇的
stun (v.) 使大吃一驚;使目瞪口呆
recover (v.)恢復
※make off (ph.) 匆匆離開；逃離
＊句型分析＊
it was to find that the stable-lad, who in fact was only stunned, had already recovered and made off.
＊ it為形式主詞，that 所引導的名詞子句才是真正的主詞。
＊ the stable-lad是that子句中的主詞，had recovered and made off是動詞部分。
＊ who in fact was only stunned為非限定的關係子句。

    The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement, each recounting his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice. An impromptu celebration of the victory was held immediately. The flag was run up and ‘Beasts of England’ was sung a number of times, then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral, a hawthorn bush being planted on her grave. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech, emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be. 

※單字及片語※
※in the wildest excitement (ph.)處於最狂喜的狀態。
reassemble (v.) 重新召集;再集合
recount (v.) 敘述,講述
exploit (n.) 功績,功勳;輝煌的成就;英勇的行為
＊句型分析＊
each recounting his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice.
＊ 此句原為關係代名詞省略句型
＊ 原為each of whom recounted his own exploits in the battle at the top of his voice.
＊ 關係代名詞都可省略，首先把關係代名詞去掉，然後把主要動詞改為分詞形式。若是現在分詞，則表主動；若是過去分詞，則表被動。
battle (n.)戰役
※at his top of his voice (ph.)以他最大的聲量
impromptu (a.) 事先無準備的;即席的
celebration (n.) 慶祝
immediately (adv.) 立即,即刻,馬上
※a number of (ph.)一些
※a number of times (ph.)幾次
＊句型分析＊
then the sheep (who had been killed) was given a solemn funeral, a hawthorn bush being planted on her grave. 
＊ who had been killed形容詞子句修飾sheep
＊ a hawthorn bush being planted這裡亦使用分詞簡化連接詞的用法；因a hawthorn bush與the sheep兩個主詞不同所以a hawthorn bush保留。原句型為and a hawthorn bush was planted on her grave.
solemn (a.) 隆重的;莊嚴的
funeral (n.) 喪葬,葬儀;
hawthorn (n.) 【植】山楂
grave (n.) 墳墓;埋葬處
graveside (n.)墳墓邊
※make a speech (ph.)發表演說
emphasise (v.)【英】=emphasize強調
※if need be (ph.) = if it is necessary 如果須要的話
＊句型分析＊
At the graveside Snowball made a little speech, emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be.
＊ emphasising亦為關係代名詞省略用法，原為which emphasised the need for all….
＊ 步驟為which省略，emphasised表主動，所以改寫為emphasising。

    The animals decided unanimously to create a military decoration, ‘Animal Hero, First Class,’ which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer. It consisted of a brass medal (they were really some old horse-brasses which had been found in the harness-room), to be worn on Sundays and holidays. There was also ‘Animal Hero, Second Class,’ which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep. 

※單字及片語※
unanimously (adv.) 無異議地;全體一致地
military (a.) 軍事的;軍用的
decoration (n.) 勳章;獎章
※confer on (ph.) 頒給…；授予…
※there and then (ph.)當時當地【副詞片語，修飾動詞confer】
※consist of (ph.)構成；組成
brass (n.) 黃銅
※brass 【新聞用語】高級軍官(或官員,職員)
horse-brass (n.)馬用黃銅製品
harness-room (n.)馬具室
posthumously (adv.) 於死後,於身後

    There was much discussion as to what the battle should be called. In the end, it was named the Battle of the Cowshed, since that was where the ambush had been sprung. Mr. Jones’s gun had been found lying in the mud, and it was known that there was a supply of cartridges in the farmhouse. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff, like a piece of artillery, and to fire it twice a year - once on October the twelfth, the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed, and once on Midsummer Day, the anniversary of the Rebellion.

※單字及片語※
discussion (n.)討論
※as to (ph.)關於
※in the end = finally 最後
※Battle of the Cowshed (ph.)牛棚戰役
since (conj.) 因為
ambush (n.) 埋伏;伏擊
sprung (v.) (spring的過去分詞) 突然做某事…彈起；彈開
supply (n.) 庫存量；供應
cartridge (n.) 子彈
※set up (ph.) 豎立
※at the foot of (ph.)在…底部
foot (n.) 最下部,底部
Flagstaff (n.) 旗杆【使用大寫有特殊意義】
artillery (n.) 火砲;大砲
fire (v.)發射
anniversary (n.) 週年紀念;週年紀念日