4-0-0-3 Chapter 4-3

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Chapter 4_3
    As the human beings approached the farm buildings, Snowball launched his first attack. All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro over the men’s heads and muted upon them from mid-air; and while the men were dealing with this, the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge, rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs. However, this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre, intended to create a little disorder, and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. Snowball now launched his second line of attack. Muriel, Benjamin, and all the sheep, with Snowball at the head of them, rushed forward and prodded and butted the men from every side, while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. But once again the men, with their sticks and their hobnailed boots, were too strong for them; and suddenly, at a squeal from Snowball, which was the signal for retreat, all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard.

※單字及片語※
as (conj.)當…時
approach (v.)接近
launch (v.)發動；發射
attack (n.)攻擊
pigeon (n.)鴿子
to the number of (ph.)總計；合計數為
to and fro (ph.)來來回回
over (pre.) 在...之上；在正上方
mute (v.)排糞 = defecate
mid-air (n.)空中
deal with (ph.)處理
rush (v.)衝出
peck (v.)啄
viciously(adv.)惡意地
at (prep.) 向,朝,對著
＊ 文法Tips ＊
若要對人家做不好的事時常用at這介係詞，如下列片語：
stare at瞪著人看
throw a stone at拿著石頭丟人
laugh at 嘲笑某人
calves (n.)小腿 (calf的複數)
＊句型分析＊
who had been hiding behind the hedge, rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs.
＊had been hiding此為過去完成進行，表從一個時間點到過去式的那個時間點間(如本文中rushed衝出)持續的動作。【翻譯】在衝出來前就一直躲在樹籬後
＊歐美語言常用時式區別兩個動作的先後。
light (a.) 輕型的
skirmish (v.) 進行小規模戰鬥;進行小爭論
manoeuvre (n.) = maneuver 【軍】軍事演習,機動演習；策略；謀略；花招
create (v.)產生
disorder (n.) 混亂
＊句型分析＊
intended to create a little disorder, 此句為形容詞子句的化簡；intended為P.P.過去分詞
= which was intended to create a little disorder,
drive off (ph.)擊退;趕走
line (n.) 戰線
＊句型分析＊
Muriel, Benjamin, and all the sheep, with Snowball at the head of them,
＊with 引導一個片語補充某人的狀態。
prod (v.) 刺;戳
butt (v.) 用頭(或角)牴撞
turn around (ph.)轉身
lash (v.) 猛擊
hoof (n.)蹄
＊句型分析＊
But once again the men, with their sticks
＊此with +工具 表使用….工具。
hobnailed boot (ph.) 被裝上鞋釘的馬靴
squeal (n.) 尖叫聲
signal (n.)訊號
retreat (n.)撤退
＊句型分析＊
at a squeal from Snowball, which was the signal for retreat,
＊ which was the signal for retreat形容詞子句修飾squeal
＊ 【注意】關係代名詞修飾的對象『先行詞』，不一定在前面的那個字。
fled (flee的過去式和過去分詞) (v.)逃走

    The men gave a shout of triumph. They saw, as they imagined, their enemies in flight, and they rushed after them in disorder. This was just what Snowball had intended. As soon as they were well inside the yard, the three horses, the three cows, and the rest of the pigs, who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed, suddenly emerged in their rear, cutting them off. Snowball now gave the signal for the charge. He himself dashed straight for Jones. Jones saw him coming, raised his gun and fired. The pellets scored bloody streaks along Snowball’s back, and a sheep dropped dead. Without halting for an instant, Snowball flung his fifteen stone against Jones’s legs. Jones was hurled into a pile of dung and his gun flew out of his hands. But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. His very first blow took a stable-lad from Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. At the sight, several men dropped their sticks and tried to run. Panic overtook them, and the next moment all the animals together were chasing them round and round the yard. They were gored, kicked, bitten, trampled on. There was not an animal on the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion. Even the cat suddenly leapt off a roof onto a cowman’s shoulders and sank her claws in his neck, at which he yelled horribly. At a moment when the opening was clear, the men were glad enough to rush out of the yard and make a bolt for the main road. And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way. 

※單字及片語※
triumph (n.)成功；勝利
in flight (ph.)逃跑
rush (v.)衝
disorder (n.) 混亂,無秩序
as soon as (conj.) 一 …. 就
＊句型分析＊
and the rest of the pigs, who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed,
這使用who, 使用擬人化。personification(修辭的)擬人法
the rest (ph.)其餘
lying in ambush (ph.) 埋伏;伏擊
cowshed (n.) 牛棚
emerge (v.)出現
rear (n.) 後部,後面
cut off (ph.) 切斷;中斷
charge (n.) 攻擊,衝鋒
dash (v.)衝
straight (adv.) 直接地
raise (v.)舉起
pellet (n.)小子彈；彈丸
score (v.) 留下刻痕於;做記號於
streak (n.) 條紋
drop dead (ph.) 倒斃,暴死
halt (v.) 暫停,停止;終止
for an instant (ph.) 片刻；頃刻；一剎那
flung (v.) (fling的過去式和過去分詞) 扔,擲,拋,丟
stone (n.) (複數stone或stones)【英】(重量單位)
hurl (v.) 猛力投擲
dung (n.) (牛、馬等的)糞;糞肥
flew (v.) (fly的過去式)
＊句型分析＊
But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion.
＊rearing up…為關係子句簡化而來，此句可改寫為who was reared up….
terrifying (a.)嚇人的
spectacle (n.)景象
rear (v.) (馬等)用後腿直立起來
hind leg (n.) 後腿
strike (v.) 打,猛擊,攻擊
iron-shod (a.)已釘馬蹄鐵的
shod (v.) (shoe的過去式與過去分詞) 給(馬)釘蹄鐵
stallion (n.)種馬
※very first blow就第一個打擊  very（在此是加強語氣）就；僅僅的意思。
stable-lad (n.)馬夫
skull (n.)頭骨
stretch (v.) 伸直
lifeless(a.)無生命的
mud (n.)泥巴
※at the sight (ph.)撇見這景象
panic (n.)恐慌
overtake (v.) 突然侵襲
gore (v.) (牛、羊等)用角牴破;(動物等)用獠牙刺破
trample (v.)踐踏
＊句型分析＊
There was not an animal on the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion.
＊not….not 在此有負負得正的意思。
＊vengeance (n.) 報復;報仇,復仇
＊take vengeance on (ph.)對…報復
＊after his own fashion 以各種動物牠自己特有的方式。
fashion (n.) 方式
leapt (v.) (leap的過去式與過去分詞)跳
sank (v.) (sink的過去式與過去式) 把...插入
cowman (n.) 【英】牧牛者
opening (n.)出口；通道
clear (a.) 無障礙的
※make a bolt (ph.) 逃跑
＊句型分析＊
And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way.
※they were….at they had come…. 此句仍使用時式區別時間先後。
※with a flock of geese hissing  此句with 引導一個片語補充某狀態。
＊ 文法Tips ＊
過去完成式通常不會單獨存在，要與另一過去式子句或表過去式之時間副詞片語連用，即在過去不同時間發生的兩種動作。
先發生的用過去完成式。
後發生的用簡單過去式。
invasion (n.) 入侵
ignominious (a.) 可恥的；丟臉的
retreat (v.)撤退
flock (n.) 羊群;(飛禽,牲畜等的)群
hiss (v.) (蛇等或氣體漏出時)發出嘶嘶聲
peck (v.)啄
calves (n.)小腿 (calf的複數)