5-0-0-3 Chapter 5-3

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Chapter 5_3
    Within a few weeks Snowball’s plans for the windmill were fully worked out. The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged to Mr. Jones - One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House, Every Man His Own Bricklayer, and Electricity for Beginners. Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor, suitable for drawing on. He was closeted there for hours at a time. With his books held open by a stone, and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter, he would move rapidly to and fro, drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. Gradually the plans grew into a complicated mass of cranks and cog-wheels, covering more than half the floor, which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive. All of them came to look at Snowball’s drawings at least once a day. Even the hens and ducks came, and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks. Only Napoleon held aloof. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. One day, however, he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. He walked heavily round the shed, looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice, then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over the plans, and walked out without uttering a word. 

※單字及片語※
fully (adv.)完全地
＊work out (ph.) 制訂出; 產生出
＊句型分析＊
Within a few weeks Snowball’s plans for the windmill were fully worked out.
※for the windmill為介詞片語，當形容詞修飾plan
mechanical (a.) 機械的
detail (n) 細部
mostly (adv.) 大部分地;主要地
＊句型分析＊
The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged to Mr. Jones - One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House, Every Man His Own Bricklayer, and Electricity for Beginners.
※ which had belonged to Mr. Jones為形容詞子句修飾books
※ One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House千變萬化你的家（書名暫譯）
※ Every Man His Own Bricklayer（書名暫譯）泥水匠輕鬆學
※ Electricity for Beginners（書名暫譯）電學入門
study (n.)書房
shed (n.) 棚,小屋
incubator (n.) 孵卵器
smooth (a.) 平坦的
wooden (a.) 木製的;木的
suitable (a.)適合的
＊句型分析＊
Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor, suitable for drawing on.
※此句可以寫成Snowball used a shed which…as his study.
※為了修辭上的方便，本句調整過順序，使得關係子句which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor便於詳細修飾a shed。
※注意這裡關係子句中使用過去完成式had once been used for incubators及過去式had a smooth wooden floor兩個不同時間框架。用時式來區別時間先後。
（請聽教學檔中詳解）
※suitable for drawing on前省略which was兩個字。
closet (v.) 把...關在密室中
＊at a time (ph.) 每次;一次
held (v.)【在此為過去分詞】被保持
grip (v.) gripped【在此為過去分詞】緊握
knuckle (n.) 關節
trotter (n.)蹄
?閱讀Tips?
※在Animal Farm中，經常可見到使用介系詞with帶出一個狀態的片語，為什麼小說常有這種句型呢？因為小說家通常會把一個狀態描寫的非常詳細。
※with + 受詞O.。其受詞O.後再加個現在分詞or過去分詞修飾受詞O.的狀態。
   Ex. with his books held open by a stone這裡held為過去分詞修飾books。
 with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter此句中gripped亦是過去分詞修飾chalk。
rapidly (adv.)急速地
＊to and fro (ph.)來來回回地
utter (v.) 發出(聲音等);
whimper (n.) 嗚咽
gradually (adv.)逐漸地
＊grow into (ph.)演變成
complicated (a.)複雜的
mass (n.)一大堆
crank (n.) 曲柄,曲軸
cog-wheel (n.)【機】鈍齒輪,木齒鐵輪
cover (v.)涵蓋
unintelligible (a.)難理解的,晦澀難懂的
impressive (a.)予人深刻印象的；令人欽佩的
＊be at pains (ph.)用心
tread (v.)踐踏
＊hold aloof (ph.)保持冷漠地
declare (v.)宣布
against (prep.)反對
＊from the start (ph.) = from the beginning 一開始 
unexpectedly (adv.)毫無預警地
examine (v.)檢查；檢視
heavily (adv.)沉重地
closely (adv.)仔細地
snuff (v.) (動物)嗅;聞 【此有嗤之以鼻的意味】
＊for a while (ph.)一會兒；一下下
contemplate (v.) 沉思；思量；仔細考慮
＊out of the corner of one’s eye (ph.)從某人的眼角餘光
lift (v.)舉起
urinate (v.) 撒尿,小便,排尿
＊ without uttering a word (ph.)一語不發

    The whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. Stone would have to be carried and built up into walls, then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. (How these were to be procured, Snowball did not say.) But he maintained that it could all be done in a year. And thereafter, he declared, so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. Napoleon, on the other hand, argued that the great need of the moment was to increase food production, and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan, ‘Vote for Snowball and the three-day week’ and ‘Vote for Napoleon and the full manger.’ Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either faction. He refused to believe either that food would become more plentiful or that the windmill would save work. Windmill or no windmill, he said, life would go on as it had always gone on - that is, badly.

※單字及片語※
deeply (adv.)嚴重地
divide (v.) 分開
subject (n.)主題
deny (v.)否認
sail (n.) (風車的)翼板
dynamo (n.)發電機
cable (n.) 纜;索;鋼索
procure (v.)取得
＊句型分析＊
(How these were to be procured, Snowball did not say.)
※ 此句可改成Snowball did not say how these were to be procured
maintain (v.) 宣稱；堅持；主張
thereafter (adv.) 從此以後
＊so….that… (ph.)如此…以致於…
save (v.)節省
＊on the other hand (ph.)另一方面
argue (v.)辨稱
moment (n.)當下；此刻
increase (v.)增加
＊food production (ph.)食物產量
＊starve to death (ph.)餓死了
form (v.)組成
faction (n.)派系
slogan (n.)口號
＊vote for (ph.)選…
＊the three-day week 一星期只有三個工作天
＊the full manger 飼料槽滿滿的食物
＊to side with either faction (ph.)支持任何一派系或一方
side (v.) 支持；站在某方；偏袒
＊to side with… 站在某方
= to take sides with….
refuse (v.)拒絕
＊either…or… (conj.) (兩者之中)任何一個【文中此連接詞，連接兩個子句】
plentiful (a.) 豐富的,充足的;多的
＊life would go on (ph.)日子還是會過下去
＊ go on (ph.)繼續
that is (ph.) 也就是說
badly (adv.)很慘地